Ventilation is the process of supplying fresh air and removing stale air to maintain indoor air quality and occupant comfort.

Ventilation is the controlled exchange of indoor and outdoor air within a building to remove moisture, odors, pollutants, and excess heat. It is a fundamental part of building design that supports indoor air quality, occupant health, and overall comfort in residential, commercial, and industrial construction.

Ventilation can be natural, mechanical, or a combination of both. Natural ventilation relies on openings such as windows, vents, and louvers, while mechanical ventilation uses fans, ductwork, and HVAC equipment to move air. Common systems include exhaust ventilation, supply ventilation, balanced systems, and energy recovery ventilators (ERVs).

From a code and performance perspective, ventilation is regulated by building and mechanical codes that establish minimum airflow rates and system requirements. Properly designed ventilation systems help control humidity, reduce airborne contaminants, and improve energy efficiency. In modern buildings, ventilation is often integrated with HVAC and building automation systems to optimize performance and occupant well-being.

Modern ventilation standards were largely shaped by studies showing that poor indoor air quality can reduce workplace productivity and increase health-related absences.

• Mechanical Ventilation
• Natural Ventilation
• Ventilation Fan